Homo+Sapiens

Homo Sapien: Cro-Magnon
//**By Alicia.B. and Sarah.C.**// Cro-Magnon’s lived in the Paleolithic period, at the end of the last ice age, between 35,000-10,000 years ago.  Cro-Magnons are thought to have lived in Europe after the geologist Louis Lartet discovered the first five skeletons in March 1868 in the Cro Magnon rock shelter at Les Eyzies, Dordogne, France. This is where they got their name.  Cro Magnons’ had a very similar appearance to modern Europeans. The males ranged up to 5-6 feet tall with short arms and legs. They also had broad, small faces with well defined chins and high foreheads. They had larger brains than people today. Their body shape helped keep heat in the ice age and their nasal cavity provided surface area to warm the cold air before entering their bodies. The Cro Magnons’ were taller than the Neanderthals and they are easily distinguished differently from their high foreheads and well defined chins.  A recent study by Trent Holliday comparing early and late Cro-Magnon skeletal materials provided an average male height of 170 centimeters (early) and 168 centimeters (late), and average female height of 157.6 cm (early) and 158.4 (late).  The average size of a Cro-Magnon’s brain is 1600cc, this is larger than the average human brain. This size was determined because a male Cro-Magnon skull was found at Dordogne, France with a brain size of 1600cc.  The early modern humans did walk upright not on all fours. They were very similar to modern Europeans and their skeletons showed upright posture and slender skeleton. It turns out that humans walking on two legs use only a quarter of the energy than is to walking on all fours. Walking upright is a characteristic in which sets humans apart from apes and walking on feet began millions of years ago.  Cro Magnons are known as good hunters because where they were found many animal bones were also. The EMH also cooked their food heated with stones on skin lined pots. With the Cro Magnons’ fossils found in southern Europe, pieces of amber were found. This indicates they traded material over huge distances. Some food that was hunted are the woolly mammoth, bison, reindeer, antler and many more. They hunted for food in all sizes. They learnt to organize hunts and store food for the long winter. <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">When did they live on Earth: **
 * <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Where on earth did they live: **
 * <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">What did they look like? **
 * <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Cro-Magnon’s Height: **
 * <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Cro-Magnon’s brain size: **
 * Did they walk upright?**
 * <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">What did they eat? **
 * <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Any other interesting facts? **
 * <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Injuries: **<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"> The Cro Mango skeletons found at Les Eyries rock shelter were analyzed and they indicated that they led a physically tough life. Many found there had fused vertebrae in their necks and a female found had a skull fracture. These injuries indicated they were supported which allowed them to recover.
 * <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Clothing: **<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">The Cro-Magnons wore fitted clothes which protected them in colder and hotter climates. They learnt to sew and made clothes out of animals and grass etc. they decorated their bodies with jewellery and ornaments of shell and bone. Some decorated their bodies with paints from natural dyes, which may have been signs of social standings or IDs.
 * <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Microsoft Sans Serif';">Name: **<span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Microsoft Sans Serif';"> Research over the past 20 years, has led scholars to believe that the physical dimensions of the 'Cro-Magnon' are not sufficiently different enough from modern humans to warrant a separate designation. Scientists today use 'Anatomically Modern Human' (AMH) or 'Early Modern Human' (EMH) to designate the Upper Paleolithic human beings who looked a lot like us, but did not have the complete suite of modern human behaviors.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Microsoft Sans Serif';">-Cro-Magnon. [Online]. Available __Internet__:< <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Microsoft Sans Serif';">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cro-Magnon> (Accessed on 12 Feb.2009) <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Microsoft Sans Serif';"> -Foley, Jim. Facts on Cro-Magnon. [Online]. Available __Internet__:< http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/cromagnon.html > (Accessed on 12 Feb.2009) <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Microsoft Sans Serif';"> - [|K. Kris Hirst]. Facts on Cro-Magnon. [Online]. Available __Internet__:< http://archaeology.about.com/od/earlymansites/a/cro_magnon.htm > (Accessed on 12 Feb.2009) <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Microsoft Sans Serif';">-Cro-Magnon. [Online]. Available __Internet__:< <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif';"> http://au.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761558720/Cro-Magnon.html <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Microsoft Sans Serif';">> (Accessed on 12 Feb.2009) <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Microsoft Sans Serif';">-Cro-Magnon. [Online]. Available __Internet__:< <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif';"> http://anthro.palomar.edu/homo2/mod_homo_4.htm <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Microsoft Sans Serif';">> (Accessed on 12 Feb.2009) <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Microsoft Sans Serif';">-Cro-Magnon. [Online]. Available __Internet__:< <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif';"> http://science.jrank.org/pages/3412/Human-Evolution-Appearance-modern-looking-humans.html <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Microsoft Sans Serif';">> (Accessed on 12 Feb.2009) <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Microsoft Sans Serif';">-Cro-Magnon. [Online]. Available __Internet__:< <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif';"> http://www.answers.com/topic/cro-magnon <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Microsoft Sans Serif';">> (Accessed on 12 Feb.2009) <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Microsoft Sans Serif';">-Cro-Magnon. [Online]. Available __Internet__:< <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif';"> http://anthropology.si.edu/HumanOrigins/ha/cromagnon.html <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Microsoft Sans Serif';">> (Accessed on 12 Feb.2009)-- <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Microsoft Sans Serif';">Cro-Magnon. [Online]. Available __Internet__:< <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif';"> http://archaeology.about.com/od/earlymansites/a/cro_magnon.htm <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Microsoft Sans Serif';">> (Accessed on 12 Feb.2009) <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Microsoft Sans Serif';">-Cro-Magnon. [Online]. Available __Internet__:< <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif';"> http://earlyhumans.mrdonn.org/cromagnon.html <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Microsoft Sans Serif';">> (Accessed on 12 Feb.2009) <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'MS Reference Sans Serif','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU;">Bibliography: **